three criterias
There are three criteria’s for crossing the line between abnormal behavior and normal
behavior. Abnormal behavior is usually deviant which means it abstracts from the norms of
society. However, remarkable people like Martin Luther King and Bill Gates are not the
average person but they are far from being abnormal. When a behavior deviate from what is
expected by society than it could be called abnormal. The second criteria are that it is
usually maladaptive which means that it interferes with a person’s ability to function
properly in the real world. Last, abnormal behavior includes personal distress. This means
that the person is deeply bothered by this and it causes them unnecessary pain and
suffering. The causes for abnormal behavior can vary tremendously.
We can look at several factors such as biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
to help determine this. Psychologists who favor the biological approach tend to emphasize
the brain and genetic traits as the primarily cause of abnormal behavior. When using this
approach the primarily form of treatment is drugs or drug therapy. The biological approach
is used often in the medical model, which describes psychological disorders as diseases
related to biological origins.
From the medical view abnormalities are seen a mental illness. The people that are infected
with the mental illness are known as patients and they have to be treated by doctors. The
biological view can also be broken done into three more categories. These are known as
structural views, biochemical views and genetic views. The structural view thinks that
abnormalities in the brain structure are the main lead to mental disorders. The biochemical
view looks at the imbalances in the brain’s chemical structure such as neurotransmitters and
hormones as the cause to mental disorders. In the genetic view they look at distorted genes
as the main contributor to mental disorders. While the biological approach focuses on
inherited traits to be the main contributor to mental disorders, the psychological approach
looks at the environment and the unconscious mind as the main contributor to abnormalities.
This has three parts to it which includes the psychodynamic perspective, behavioral and
social cognitive prospective, and the humanistic perspective. The psychodynamic perspective
thinks that psychological disorders come from unconscious conflicts that can cause anxiety
and a maladaptive behavior.
The main contributor to deviant behavior in this approach is from early bad relationships.
If an individual develops bad relationships with either offspring early on in their life
than the individual will develop abnormalities. Sigmund Freud was the developer of the
psychoanalytic approach in which it places more emphasis on what you can’t physically see.
In the behavioral and social cognitive prospective they place an emphasis on the environment
in shaping abnormal behavior. They believe that people learn behavior by observing those
around them, through self control, through their beliefs in themselves, and through a
variety of other cognitive factors which are the key to psychological disorders in this
approach. In the humanistic perspective they place an emphasis on an individual’s freedom to
do what they want and chose their own destiny and personal characteristics. They believe
that psychological disorders come up when an individual fails to meet their own potential.
All of the psychological perspective focuses on the individual. The next approach is the
sociocultural approach. This concept places a larger emphasis on the area in which an
individual lives such as their family, neighborhood, economic status, and culture. For one
example, they believe that a conflict between one’s cultures will be a contributor to a
mental disorder in an individual. It’s not necessary the individual that has a mental
disorder but rather to an unbalanced social life. There are also some gender effects in
determining mental disorders. Women are more likely to have internal mental disorders, which
are disorders that affect them inside. They are more likely to be effected with anxiety
attacks, and moods of depression. On the other hand, men are more likely to be effected with
external disorders or disorders that are seen outward. Some examples of these disorders are
substance abuse and moods of aggression.
Many psychologists now believe that psychological disorders are universal which means that
they are the same for people everywhere around the world regardless of geographic location
or their social status. However, depending on the factors I just mentioned they do vary.
There are also some disorders that strictly effect people of one culture, and here are three
big ones that I’m currently aware of: Amok, Windigo, and Anorexia Nervosa. The Amok effect
people of Malaysia and the Philippines and in this disorder and individual suddenly has a
fierce burst of rage and anger and kill and injure as many people as possible before they
are killed. This disorder is commonly found in males and the cause of this can be numerous
of factors such as jealously, or losing a lot of money through gambling. Windigo is a
disorder commonly found in Algonquin Indian hunters and is very similar to a horror story in
which an individual is hunted and chased by a fictionist character and become bewitched such
as by a bit of a vampire or werewolf. The hunter becomes worried that they will turn into a
flesh eating cannibal and harm other around them.
The last disorder, I think that many Americans is aware of the last disorder and that is
called anorexia nervosa and effects people of mainly Western cultures with a special
emphasis on the people in the United States. This is an eating disorder in which an
individual tries to maintain an unhealthy low weight through starvation which can ultimately
lead to death.
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